tư bản bất biến

Definition

1. Noun (Economics / Marxism):
   • Constant capital: The portion of capital invested in the means of production (e.g., machinery, raw materials, buildings). Its value is transferred to the final product without increasing in magnitude during the production process. It contrasts with variable capital, which is used to hire labor power.

Usage Examples

• Noun:
  • Nhà máy tăng đầu tư vào tư bản bất biến như máy móc mới. (The factory increased investment in constant capital such as new machinery.)
  • Theo Marx, giá trị của tư bản bất biến được bảo tồn và chuyển vào sản phẩm. (According to Marx, the value of constant capital is preserved and transferred into the product.)

Advanced Usage

• In Marxist critique, a high organic composition of capital (a high ratio of constant capital to variable capital) is often associated with a tendency for the rate of profit to fall.

Variants and Related Words

• Tư bản khả biến (n): Variable capital. Capital spent on labor power, which creates new value, including surplus value.
• Cấu tạo hữu cơ của tư bản (n): Organic composition of capital. The ratio between constant capital and variable capital.

Synonyms

• Constant capital (Primary English equivalent).
• Fixed capital (Note: In precise Marxist terms, "constant capital" is broader, encompassing both fixed and circulating constant capital, while "fixed capital" often refers specifically to long-term assets like machinery).

Related Concepts

• Means of production: The physical, non-human inputs used in production (e.g., factories, tools, raw materials), which are purchased with constant capital.
• Surplus value: The profit generated by the difference between the value created by labor (variable capital) and the wages paid to laborers. Constant capital does not create surplus value.